Приложение на титанова сплав в зъболекарството
1. Dental implants (core applications)
(1) Material selection
Pure titanium (CP Ti): Grade 4 (high purity, moderate strength) - the mainstream material for traditional implants. Best bone bonding performance, but low mechanical strength (tensile strength ~550MPa)
Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5): Higher strength (tensile strength ~900MPa), suitable for immediate load-bearing implants, but aluminum (Al) and vanadium (V) have potential biotoxicity controversy
New β-type titanium alloys (such as Ti-Zr, Ti-Nb): Lower elastic modulus (~60GPa, close to the jawbone), reduced stress shielding effect, no aluminum/vanadium, better biocompatibility
(2) Surface treatment technology
Sandblasting acid etching (SLA): Surface roughness 1-2μm, promotes bone cell attachment, shortens bone bonding time to 4-6 weeks
Nanotube arrays (TiO₂ NTs): nanoscale tubular structure (diameter 50-100nm), can load antibiotics/growth factors (such as BMP-2)
Plasma spraying (HA coating): hydroxyapatite (HA) biomimetic coating, accelerates bone integration
(3) 3D printing personalized implants
SLM (selective laser melting) technology: directly print according to the patient's CBCT data, with an accuracy of 0.1mm, can design porous structures (porosity 60%-80%), and promote vascularization
Clinical application cases: immediate implantation + immediate repair: wearing teeth 24 hours after surgery Jaw defect repair: customized titanium mesh + bone powder guided regeneration
2. Denture brackets (removable/fixed restorations)
(1) Pure titanium brackets
Advantages: light weight (only 1/2 of cobalt-chromium alloy), comfortable to wear; no metal allergy, suitable for long-term use
Applications: metal bases for full-mouth dentures; precision attachments (sleeve crowns, bar-type restorations)
(2) 3D printed titanium alloy brackets
DLP (digital light processing) technology: using titanium powder photocuring resin, printing accuracy reaches 20μm; suitable for personalized crown and bridge restorations
Weight reduction design: topological optimization structure, reducing material consumption by 30%
3. Orthodontic equipment
(1) Orthodontic archwires
Nickel-titanium alloy (Ni-Ti): superelasticity (temperature memory effect), continuous and gentle force; but some patients are allergic to nickel, titanium-molybdenum alloy (Ti-Mo) becomes an alternative
(2) Implant anchorage screws (micro screws)
Pure titanium or Ti-6Al-4V: diameter 1.2-2.0mm, used for skeletal malocclusion correction; surface acid etching improves initial stability
4. Future development trends
(1) Intelligent titanium alloy implants
pH-responsive drug release: Automatic release of antibiotics when inflammation is detected
Mechanical sensing: Real-time monitoring of bite force and optimization of repair design
(2) Degradable titanium alloy
Mg-Ti composite material: Gradually degrades within 2-3 years to avoid secondary surgery for removal
(3) Digital full process
AI implant planning → 3D printing → robot implantation to achieve full precision
